Teoria do Cerebro: Estado da Pesquisa pelo Redwood Neuroscience Institute

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Sensorial Cortex Location

Hierarchical organization, feedback, and generative models

Sensory cortex appears to be arranged in a hierarchical fashion ( a hierarquia e' a sequencia da força do ciclo vital. O próprio ciclo vital também determina que haja uma sequencia de maior complexidade, assim como no caso do corpo humano, a criança e' mais complexa que o baby, o adolescente e' mais complexo que a criança, etc.)  with information flowing from low-level areas,( assim como na formula da Matrix/DNA, a informação tem inicio na base que e' F1, e sobe o circuito atingindo o topo em F4. No cérebro humano, F1 e' o hipocampo e F4 o cortex superior)  which are closely tied to direct sensory input, to higher-level areas ( F4 na formula), which are tied more to other cortical areas as opposed to sensory input. Neurons at lower-level areas tend to have small receptive fields (in terms of the area of the sensory epithelium they integrate over), are tuned to localized features of sensory input, and thus tend to rapidly fluctuate in their activity in response to time-varying sensory input. By contrast, neurons at higher-levels have large receptive fields, are tuned to more global, abstract properties of the sensory world (such as object identity), and are thus more invariant with respect to fluctuations in the raw sensory input. However, the question of what computations underlie this transformation, and what exactly is being represented at various stages of the hierarchy - especially higher-level areas - remains a mystery. ( os vários estágios dessa hierarquia são as partes mais elevadas transformadas das partes inferiores, assim como o corpo humano no ciclo vital. A evolução do cérebro seguiu essa sequencia.) 

Another ubiquitous property of cortical organization is the existence of feedback connections between levels of the hierarchy. That is, if a lower area A projects to higher area B, then area B usually projects back to A. However, what role these feedback connections play in information processing, and how they contribute to perception, is not well understood.( O cerebro foi montado em cima da formula da Matrix/DNA. Nesta, o fluxo tem inicio na ara baixa e retorna a esta area, duas vezes. Uma quando o circuito e' feito por inteiro, esférico, outra quando o fluxo chega em F4 e retorna como ramo lateral 'a base. No caso do cérebro humano me parece que o fluxo não passa de F4 para continuar esfericamente pelo HD, o que deixa este hemisfério fora dos raciocínios e percepções)

Our goal is to formulate a theoretical framework for hierarchical organization and feedback that takes into account the known neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, and which can provide specific, testable predictions regarding its function ( basta identificar qual glândula ou qual região se situa na formula que se tem a função de todas elas). One avenue we are pursuing that seems particularly promising is based on generative models - i.e., the idea that the cortex contains an internal model of the world ( vocês nem imagina o quanto! Mas devem haver duas camadas de "mundo", uma, e' a habitual praticada, referente ao mundo imediato, e outra ao mundo alem da vista e percepções, o qual esta inserido geneticamente nos neurônios. Mas tambem esta divisão pode ocorrer na divisão dos hemisférios, onde o HD seria o processador do mundo alem da percepção imediata).  and that it uses this model to infer the causes of sensory input (e.g., objects and their transformations). In this framework, the role of feedback is to carry the predictions of higher levels to lower levels so as to disambiguate representations at early stages of sensory processing. Perception thus depends on information circulating through cortico-cortical feedback loops in order to arrive at a mutually consistent explanation of sensory input. ( certo)

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Louis Morelli

Posted a few seconds ago

The research at Redwood Neuroscience Institute where Dr. Hawkins works is focused on three topics. First, about the hierarchical organization of the brain raises the questions of what is being represented at the various stages of this hierarchy knowing that it begins at the lower levels and goes to the high levels. When I put the brain upon the natural formula for systems - Matrix/DNA - it seems clear that this hierarchy is represented by "pieces" mimicking the common hierarchy that arises from any living body under the force of life's cycles. So, the flow begins at the hippocampus at lowest level which mimics the womb and gestational processes of reproduction. Then the flow goes clockwise up and the next element ( it can be a glandular) represents the first stage of life, like a baby. And so on till the flow going down back to the hippocampus that now works as a recycler stocking it as memory. The human problem is due life being only left-handed due to be created by a closed system ( this galaxy) then we are left-brainers which means that the flow does not surpass the corpus callosum for entering into the right hemisphere and drawing the perfect whole circuit as ordered by Matrix/DNA formula. So, when the flow of any thought or information process arrives to the upper element ( superior cortex, it is deviated falling down to the hippocampus again If you see the formula at my website you will understand it. The other focus is the feedback connections between levels of the hierarchy, how it works. But, again, the formula explains it very well. And the third focus is trying to build generative models believing that he cortex contains an internal model of the world. Again, since that the world as a natural system is modeled by he matrix/DNA formula, and the brain also, of course the brain contains an internal model of the world. But for understanding it is necessary to know the formula, and the Redwood Institute does not know or does not grasp its meaning, yet.